Core terms
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Reentrancy | Re-entering a function via an external call before its state is updated, enabling repeated withdrawals. |
| MEV | Maximal Extractable Value: profit a block producer or searcher can extract by reordering, inserting or censoring transactions. |
| Sandwich attack | An MEV tactic that places one transaction before and one after a victim's trade to profit from the induced price movement. |
| TWAP | Time-Weighted Average Price: an oracle method resistant to single-block price manipulation. |
| Flash loan | An uncollateralized loan repaid within the same transaction, often used to amplify manipulation. |
| delegatecall | A call that runs another contract's code in the caller's storage context; dangerous if the target is untrusted. |
| Checks-Effects-Interactions | A pattern: validate inputs, update state, then interact with external contracts. |
| PDA | Program Derived Address on Solana; must be validated with the correct seeds and bump. |
| Signer check | On Solana, verifying an account actually signed the transaction before trusting it. |
| SWC | Smart Contract Weakness Classification, a registry of known weakness types. |